35
th. Annual Worls Small Animal Veterinary Association Congress,
THE INCIDENCE
OF DEGENERATIVE MITRAL VALVE
DISEASE
IN MALE AND FEMALE DOGS
Brăslaşu
M.C., Brăslaşu E. Daniela , Joiţa Silvia,
Tudor N., Predoi Ştefania, Georgescu Gabriela
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest , Romania
1389 dogs with cardiac and extra-cardiac
diseases were examined in the Internal Disease Clinic – Cardiology Department
from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bucharest. The examinations included a
clinical examination, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and radiographic
examination, blood pressure determination and laboratory evaluations.
Only animals with III – VI/VI degree heart
murmur and specific clinical signs at the echocardiographic examination have
been included in the study.
A population of 1389 dogs, 50.25%
males and 49,75% females from different breeds was examined.
187 dogs (13.46%) were diagnosed with valvular disease. 96.25% (180
dogs) have been diagnosed with mitral valvular disease.
Dogs diagnosed with MVD (murmur on the
mitral area, III-V/VI murmur intensity, increase of ventricular cavities,
mitral distrophy) were small breed dogs (73.18%) and small to medium breed dogs
(26.82%).
Regarding sex predisposition, males seem
to be much more predisposed to MVD. It has been observed that:
a.
Valvular disease
was diagnosed in 68.45% males and 31.55%
females
b.
MVD was diagnosed
in 68.33% males and 31.67% females
c.
Valvular
(non-mitral) disease was diagnosed in 71.43% males and
28.57% females
In small breed dogs the disease was diagnosed in 67.42% males
and 32.58% females, and in small to
medium breed dogs in 70.83% males and 29.17%
females.
The examinations revealed male dogs are
much more predisposed to valvular diseases. A 2:1 ratio – males/females- has
been described in this study.
SUMMARY
A number of 1389 dogs with cardiac and
extra-cardiac diseases were examined in the Internal Disease Clinic –
Cardiology Department from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bucharest. The
examination included a clinical examination, electrocardiographic,
echocardiographic and radiographic examination, blood pressure determination
and laboratory evaluations.
Only the animals with III – VI/VI degree
heart murmur and specific clinical signs at the echocardiographic examination
have been included in the study.
A population of 1389 dogs, 50.25% males and 49,75% females,
from different breeds, was included in
the study. 187 dogs (13.46%) were diagnosed with valvular disease. 96.25% (180
dogs) have been diagnosed with mitral valvular disease.
Dogs diagnosed with MVD (murmur on the
mitral area, III-V/VI murmur intensity, increase of ventricular cavities,
mitral distrophy) were small breed dogs (73.18%) and small to medium breed dogs
(26.82%).
Regarding sex predisposition, males seem
to be much more predisposed to MVD. It has been observed that:
d.
Valvular disease
was diagnosed in 68.45% males and 31.55%
females
e.
MVD was diagnosed
in 68.33% males and 31.67% females
f.
Valvular
(non-mitral) disease was diagnosed in 71.43%
males and 28.57% females
In small breed dogs the disease was diagnosed in 67.42% males
and 32.58% females, and in small to
medium breed dogs in 70.83% males and 29.17%
females.
The examination revealed male dogs are much more predisposed to
valvular diseases. A 2:1 ratio – males/females- has been described in this
study.
Matherial
and Method
Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease (DMVD,
also known as endocardiosis and myxomatous valve degeneration) is a condition
frequently met in medical practice, with mitral valvulopathies being the most
significant in this category of diseases.
The aim of this research paper is to show
that cardiac diseases, in this case CVHD, is much more frequent in males. In
human medicine, the low incidence of cardiopathies in women is considered to be
due to the protective role of feminine hormones on the heart.
This research paper includes a statistical
study regarding the incidence of CVHD, and more specifically of mitral
myxomatous valve degenerative in dog.
The research has 2 phases:
-
the first phase
was realized in a 12 month period (the abstract of the research)
-
in the second
phase, the research has been extended over a period of 16 and a half months
Only the patients with B and C degree
valvular disease have been considered in this study (in accordance with
Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Canine Chronic Valvular Heart
Disease, 2009).
Dachshund, female, 14 years. Degenerative mitral valve disease:
mitral valve prolaps and atrial flutter.
DMVD
diagnosis
Patients included
in the study presented:
- symptoms
of cardial decompensation (3rd and 4th degree
modified NYHA classification, 2009)
- functional
symptoms (3rd and 4th degree heart murmurs)
- physical
symptoms detected by echography, radiography and electrocardiography
Patients with 1st and 2nd degree heart murmur
and patients with mitral thickness and reduced atrio-ventricular regurgitation
observed at the echographic examination have not been included in the study.
Results
and Debates
A number of 1972 dogs from different breeds have
been examined in the Internal Disease Department of the Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine Bucharest, during a period of 1 and a half years (November 2008 – May,
2010). There were clinically healthy dogs, with cardial or non-cardial
diseases.
From the total number of dogs, 49.50% were
females and 50,50% were males. Sex ratio
was therefore almost equal.
Following clinical examinations, 263 dogs
have been diagnosed with cronical valvulopathies (13,33%). From the 263
patients, 254 showed mitral valve disease (12,88%). The results are comparable
with data from literature -10% (Ettinger S.J., 2005, 2010; Atkins C. &
col., 2009; Rush J.E, 2009).
DMVD has been diagnosed in small breed
dogs, small to medium and medium breed dogs.
The incidence of chronic valvulopathies was
much higher in males than in females, with a ratio of 2:1.
A)
valvulopathies (all included): females 33,08 –
males 66,92%
B)
Mitral
valvulopathies : females 33,08%, males 66,92%
C)
Non-mitral
valvulopathies : females 36,36%, males 63,63%
Total number of
examined animals
(1972 animals)
Total number of
“valvulopathies”
Mitral
Valvulopathies
Non mitral
valvulopathies
If we compare the values from the 12 month
period with those obtained in the 16 month period (table 1), we can conclude
that the ratio 2:1 (males : females) didn’t change.
A 45 days research has shown that 5 from
the 6 females diagnosed with mitral valvulopathies have been neutered several
years ago (7-8).
TIME
|
12
Months
|
16
Months
|
Total number of examined animals
|
1389
|
1972
|
Female
|
49.75
%
|
49.50
%
|
Male
|
50.25
%
|
50.50
%
|
Total number of valvulopathies
|
13.46
%
|
13.33
%
|
Female
|
31.55
%
|
33.08
%
|
Male
|
68.45
%
|
66.92
%
|
Mitral valvulopathies
|
12.95
%
|
12.88
%
|
Female
|
31.67%
|
33.08
%
|
Male
|
68.33
%
|
66.92
%
|
Non-mitral valvulopathies
|
0.50
%
|
0.55
%
|
Female
|
28.57
%
|
36.36
%
|
Male
|
71.43
%
|
63.63
%
|
CONCLUSIONS
- DVMD has
been diagnosed in 13.33% from the 1972 dogs evaluated in a 18 months
period.
- 12.88%
from the examined animals have been diagnosed with mitral valve disease.
- Even
though the ratio males/females has been almost equal in the population
evaluated, males have been much more affected than females. Ratio
males/females was 2:1.
- Neutered
females are much more proned to develop mitral valvulopathies (83.33%),
compared to intact females (16.66%).
- Statistical
researches show that females are less affected by cardial diseases than
males (the same situation has been observed in dilatative cardiomiopathy.
Therefore, it could be inferred that sexual hormones have a protective
role on the heart.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Atkins C., Bonagura
J., Ettinger S.J., Fox P., Gordon S., Haggstrom J., Hamlin R., Keene B., Luis –
Fuentes V., Stepien R., 2009 – Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Canine
Chronic Valvular Heart Disease. J. Vet. Int. Med., 23, 6, 1132 – 1150.
Ettinger S.J., Feldman
E.C., 2005, 2010 – Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine. VI - VII th.
Edition. Saunders Elsevier.
Rush J. E., 2009 -
Chronic Valvular Disease in Dogs. In: Bomagura J.D., Twedt D.C. – Kirk's. Current Veterinary
Therapy. XIV. Saunders Elsevier.
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