luni, 30 decembrie 2013

NORMAL BLOOD GLUCOSE IN WHITE WISTAR RAT AND ITS CHANGES FOLLOWING ANESTHESIA

LUCRARI ŞTINTIFICE MEDICINA VETERINARĂ. 
TIMIŞOARA. VOL. XL, 120 - 123. 2007


Normal   blood glucose  in  White Wistar  rat   and   its  changes   following  anesthesia

Brăslaşu Elena Daniela, Brădăţan Cătălina, Cornilă Mihai,
Săvulescu Ilinca*, Cojmăleaţă Roxana*, Brăslaşu M.C.

Veterinary Faculty Bucharest
*  U.M.F. Carol Davila, University Hospital Colţea, Bucharest

Summary
The studies have been made in 110 White Wistar Rats, both male and female, the animals being in wakeful state. The sampling have been made from coccygeal vertebra and measurement of the blood glucose were made with Accu-Chek Go (Roche) glucometer. The blood glucose values were 117,06±1,96 mg/dl. It is showed  that the anesthesia produced  hyperglycemia.
White  Wistar Rats is an animal frequently used in different experiments from different  fields of medical pathology. One of these is diabetes mellitus that’s way it was necessary to study the way regarding the determination of blood glucose, the normal values of  blood glucose and the changes produced by anesthesia.
Materials and method
There were examined 110 White Wistar Rats, bolt male and female. The animals were clinical healthy with 150 -220 gr. body weight. The blood  glucose has been determined through two methods: 1. with Accu-Chek Go glucometer; 2. with reflotron.
The blood glucose has been measured only wakeful state animals and on animals that were anesthesiated: Xylazina - 5 mg/kg and Ketamina – 35 mg/kg.
The blood glucose values were statistically interpreted by calculating: the average, the variance, the media error, standard deviation and the coefficient of variability.
Results and discussion
A. Technical parts
The blood has been collected from the coccygeal vertebra because there is a blood trace and that’s why Accu-Chek Go glucometer was used. The blood glucose determinations were made in the morning before meals.
The technique was as follow (photo 1):
1.       setting the patient in standing position;
2.       puncture the coccygeal vertebra with a thick needle;
3.       the obtaining blood drops was “caught’  on glucometer, and
4.       reading the values of blood glucose in White rats with glucometer.
                                   








 Photo 1
Taster determination of blood glucose in White Wistar rats with glucometer

                       For determination the blood glucose on reflotron, the blood has been obtained when the slaughter was done.
The differences between the determinations made on glucometer and reflotron were upper in glucometer measurements with 5-8 mg/dl.
B. Blood glucose values
The body weight of the rats were 219,81±6, 49 gr. (n = 110). The blood  glucose values are in table 1.
Table 1
Blood glucose values in White Wistar rats
- method Accu-Chek Go, glucometer –

Blood glucose  mg/dl
Statistical indices
Values
n.
107
Average
117,06
Variance
412,74
Standard deviation
20,31
The media error
1,96
The coefficient of variability %
17,35

From this table we observed that the blood  glucose values is 117,06±1,96 mg/dl. Bibliographic literature shows values of blood glucose as 50 – 125 mg/dl (Johnson-Delaney, C., 1996) and 85 – 132 mg/dl (Kohn D.F., Clifford C.B., 2002).
In this way the recent values obtained are in the limits proposed by other authors.
The table also shows that the value 17,35% of variability coefficient represents a media variability coefficient (10 – 20%)
C. The influence of anaesthesia in blood glucose
Regarding that the anesthesia is an usual method of chemical setting, the blood  glucose was initially measure after xylayine and than after ketamine.
In this way, it’s showed that both xylayine and ketamine give important increased of glycemia (table 2) so that the measurements of blood glucose were done only in wakeful state.
In the clinic, in dog, there were paradoxical situations when in diabetes mellitus, the anesthesia gave hypoglycemia.
The same situation was seen to a white rat, a female one of 280 gr. body weight. The female rat measured a blood glucose of 135 mg/dl before the anesthesia and after the anesthesia was done with ketamine the values of blood glucose were 90 mg/dl.
Table 2
Examples regarding, the increase of blood glucose (mg/dl)
following the anesthesia (xylayine-ketamine) in White Wistar rats


Nr.

Blood glucose (mg/dl)
Initial
wakefulness
After
anesthesia
%
1.
155
203
+ 30,9
2.
135
286
+ 111,8
3.
108
189
+ 75
4.
134
241
+ 79,8
5.
126
256
+ 103,1
6.
145
245
+ 68,9
7.
159
281
+ 76,7


Conclusions
1.             Blood glucose values in White Wistar rats is done in wakeful state from coccygeal vertebra. The measure og blood  glucose can be done using glucometer – ex. Accu-Chek Go (Roche), tha values obtained being upper than were done on reflotron.
2.             The values og blood glucose in White Wistar rats are 117,06±1,96 mg/dl.
3.             The anesthesia gives upper values of blood glucose (hyperglycemia). That’s could appear errors in diagnostic (diabetes mellitus, pancreatic disease).

References
1.             Brăslaşu C.M., Ciobotaru Emilia, Militaru Manuella, Şonea Al.,Brăslaşu Elena Daniela, Dinescu Georgeta, Diaconescu Al. Il., Soare Teodoru, Stănciulescu Cornelia, 2005 - Corelaţia dintre disfuncţia endotelială şi afectarea miocardică la pacienţii cu diabet zaharat. Contract cercetare CEEX, 55/2005. Contract VIASAN. Director de contract. Prof. I. Bruckner.
2.             An D., Rodrigues B., 2006 -  Role of changes in cardiac metabolism in development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.   Am. J. Physiol. Heart. Circ. Physiol., 291, 4,H1489-506.
3.             Cheţa D., 2002 – New Insights into experimental diabetes. Editura Academiei Române, Bucureşti.
4.             Johnson-Delaney, C., 1996 - Exotic Animal Companion Medicine Handbook for Veterinarians, Zoological Education Network.
5.             Kohn D.F., Clifford C.B., 2002 -  Biology and diseases of rats. In: J..G Fox, L.C. Anderson, F.M. Lowe, et al., eds. Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2nd ed. New York: Academic Press, 121-167.


Lucrare citată de:  -  Chaiyathullah Asmonie, 2013.

                             -  Aliye Sağkan Öztürk, 2014





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